Cylinders are widely used actuators to provide linear motion in industrial automation systems. The 3 main types are pneumatic, hydraulic and electric cylinders. Each has its own advantages and disadvantages.

Pneumatic Cylinders

Pros

• Simple and affordable
• Fast response and cycle times
• Clean operation - no contaminants
• Minimal maintenance required

Cons

• Lower force output
• Control can be imprecise
• Air compressors required

Hydraulic Cylinders

Pros

• Higher force and power output
• More precise control
• Higher stroke-to-rod ratios

Cons

• Complex hydraulic system required
• Fluid contaminants can damage seals
• More expensive initially

Electric Cylinders

Pros

• Most precise motion control
• Independent movement
• No hydraulic or air supply required

Cons

• Higher initial cost
• Slower speeds
• Require external power supply

In summary, pneumatic cylinder offer the simplest, most affordable solution for lower force applications requiring fast speeds. Hydraulic cylinders provide higher power output and more precise control at a higher cost. Finally, electric cylinders offer the most precise, programmable motion but at the highest initial cost. Choosing the cylinder type depends on the specific requirements of the application for force, precision and budget.