The ghazal, the most common form of poetry in Urdu and Persian, is well-known both as a poetic form and as a musical genre. The ghazal originated in Arabia in the seventh century and rose to prominence in the 13th and 14th centuries as a result of the writings of Iranian poets like Rumi and Hafiz. Both Urdu and Persian, ghazals were first written by Indian poets in the seventeenth century.
The Arabic word ghazal, which means "talking to a beautiful young lady," is the source of the poem's name. The ghazal was created in Arabia long before Islam was introduced. It is a descendant of the three-part Arabic panegyric qaseeda, which included a naseeb, a raheel, and any conventional style of poetry. The naseeb, which was the first section of the qaseeda, dealt with themes of longing, passion, and nostalgia. The raheel's theme was the isolation and loneliness of modern life. The pride in one's ruler was described in the third portion of the qaseeda. morals and tribe. The ghazal, which was derived from the naseeb and became the most enduring form of poetry addressing the themes of love, longing, and separation, was born out of the naseeb. Under the Umayyad Caliphate (661-750), the second of the four main Arab caliphates formed after the death of Prophet Muhammad PBUH, it broke away from the qaseeda and developed into an independent and significant poetry style. The third of four significant Arab caliphates, the Abbasid Caliphate (750–1258), saw sustained ghazal growth.
Early ghazals focused on four primary themes: courtly love (udhari), sexual love (hissi), homoerotic love (mudhahakkar), and opening couplets for various literary genres (tamhidi).
During the Abbasid era, the ghazal was introduced to Persia and began to gain popularity among those who spoke Persian. The rise of Sufism was a major factor in the ghazal's development as the most significant Persian literary genre by the 13th century. Love for the creator and a desire to be linked to the divine frequently took the place of romantic love and longing.
India received the ghazal at the same time. One of the first South Asian poets to write and popularise ghazals was Ameer Khusrau. The first recognised poet to write ghazals in the Urdu language and produce a diwan (collection) of Urdu ghazals was Wali Muhammad Wali Deccani.
A ghazal is composed of couplets, each of which is referred to as a sher. There can be any number of couplets in a ghazal, but often there are between five and fifteen. In the original Arabic ghazal, the couplets were connected to one another.
Ghazal has always and will always be primarily about love, or Ishq. Ishq-e-Haqeeqi, or divine love, and Ishq-e-Majazi, or worldly love, are the two main subcategories of this. The line separating the two types of love is frequently hazy and up to reader interpretation.
The sher (plural ashar) or couplet is the fundamental building block of a ghazal. Each of the two lines that make up a couplet is referred to as the misra. Misra-e-oola refers to the first line of a couplet, and misra-e-sani to the second. Both misras in the initial couplet of the ghazal and the last word(s) of each misra-e-sani couplet are identical. It's called the radeef.
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