Houston is that the most populous city in Texas, the foremost populous city in the Southern United States, the fourth-most populous city within the United States, and therefore the sixth-most populous city in North America, with a population of two,304,580 in 2020. Located in Southeast Texas near Galveston Bay and the Gulf of Mexico, it's the seat and largest city of Harris County and the principal city of the Greater Houston metropolitan area, which is the fifth-most populous metropolitan statistical area in the United States and the second-most populous in Texas after Dallas–Fort Worth. Houston is the southeast anchor of the greater megaregion known as the Texas Triangle.
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Comprising an acreage of 640.4 square miles (1,659 km2), Houston is the ninth-most expansive city in the United States (including consolidated city counties). it's the largest city in the United States by total area whose government is not consolidated with a county, parish, or borough. Though primarily in Harris County, small portions of the town extend into Fort Bend and Montgomery counties, bordering other principal communities of Greater Houston like Sugar Land and The Woodlands.
The city of Houston was founded by land investors on August 30, 1836, at the confluence of Buffalo Bayou and oak Bayou (a point now known as Allen's Landing) and incorporated as a city on June 5, 1837. the town is named after former General Sam Houston, who was president of the Republic of Texas and had won Texas's independence from Mexico at the Battle of San Jacinto 25 miles (40 km) east of Allen's Landing. After briefly serving because the capital of the Texas Republic in the late 1830s, Houston grew steadily into a regional trading center for the rest of the 19th century.
The arrival of the 20th century brought a convergence of economic factors that fueled rapid climb in Houston, including a burgeoning port and railroad industry, the decline of Galveston as Texas's primary port following a devastating 1900 hurricane, the next construction of the Houston Ship Channel, and therefore the Texas oil boom. within the mid-20th century, Houston's economy diversified, because it became home to the Texas Medical Center—the world's largest concentration of healthcare and research institutions—and NASA's Johnson Space Center, home to the Mission center.
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