What Is the Use of Hardware Protection of 4G Industrial Routers?

The main goal of 4G industrial routers with many hardware protections is to ensure the stable operation of the equipment and the continuous network without downtime. This is also the first condition in the selection of networked devices. The reason is very simple. This is the basis for ensuring remote networked data transmission. If there is a network interruption, the project will not be able to operate normally. We are very clear about the main goals of these hardware protections, but when we talk about the meaning of a certain protection indicator alone, it will play a specific protective role when using 4g industrial routers.
1. Anti-surge protection
The encyclopedia explanation of surge is that this thing is also called surge and surge, which refers to the peak value that exceeds the stable value instantaneously, including surge voltage and surge current. Servidor serie WIFI
Source of surge: Surge is usually caused by natural lightning, power system (inductive load) switching, the generation of surge will bring huge transient overvoltage or overcurrent, such as inductive lightning in the RS485 serial port transmission line The transient interference caused by the above, its energy can burn all the devices connected to the transmission line in an instant.
Generally speaking, there are two withstand voltage indicators for anti-surge: common mode and differential mode.
● Common mode: surge generated by lightning or high current switching in nature;
● Differential mode: the current generated by the poor insulation between the data cable and the high-voltage line when the high-voltage line near the data cable passes.
Although differential mode has much less voltage and current than common mode, differential mode surges last longer, usually in data communication networks.
There are two reasons for the surge in the power supply system:
● External reasons: lightning strike (the voltage caused by microseconds);
● Internal reasons: start-stop or failure of electrical equipment (causing voltage in milliseconds);
The characteristic of the surge is that the time is very short. Although the voltage time of the lightning strike is very short, the instantaneous voltage and current are extremely large, causing a high probability of damage to the electrical equipment. Therefore, the anti-surge protection of 4G industrial routers is used to limit overvoltage and discharge surge currents, and to avoid short-circuit problems in industrial routers under high voltage, lightning strikes and other environments.
2. Anti-static protection (ESD: Electrostatic Discharge)
The generation of static electricity is usually man-made. For example, during equipment production, assembly, testing, storage, and the process, it is possible to accumulate static electricity in equipment or instruments. During the process of handling and friction, a discharge path is formed by contact with charged objects. . Because the instantaneous voltage of static electricity may reach several thousand volts, this damage is called the main culprit of excessive electrical stress damage to electronic components or integrated circuit systems, and is also the number one problem in IC design. This is why it is necessary to wear electrostatic protective clothing, protective wristbands and other equipment near electrical equipment in power workshops, computer rooms, and factory assembly lines.
Causes of static electricity:
● Contact separation electrification: static electricity generated when two objects of different materials are contacted and then separated;
● Triboelectric electrification: a process in which the positive and negative charges are unbalanced after contact and separation;
● Induction electrification: For conductor materials, the electrons can flow on the surface, such as placing them in an electric field, due to the repulsion of the same sex, the attraction of the opposite sex, and the transfer of positive and negative ions.
● Conduction electrification: generated by electrical conductors. The electrons can move across the surface and charge transfer occurs after contact with the charged body.
There are two mechanisms for ESD to interfere with the circuit:
● Electrostatic discharge current directly passes through the circuit, causing damage to the circuit;
● The electromagnetic field generated by the electrostatic discharge current causes interference to the circuit through capacitive coupling, inductive coupling or space radiation coupling. módem inalámbrico LoRa
The anti-static protection in 4G industrial routers is built-in diodes with forward conduction and reverse cut-off, and also has the reputation of "circuit lightning rod". It is very clear from the above description that static electricity is accumulated to discharge, and electrostatic protection is achieved through circuit lightning rods. effect.
3. Watchdog protection
Watchdog technology is a microprocessor embedded on a chip.
When the single chip or microcomputer system is strongly interfered, it can cause the program to run out of control, make the CPU enter an infinite loop, or make the program run away. The use of "watchdog" technology can continuously monitor the running time of the program. Once the limit time is exceeded, it is confirmed that the system has "crash" and the watchdog immediately resets the CPU to return to the normal program flow. The watchdog protection function can be implemented in both hardware and software.
If you want to know more about watchdog knowledge, you can click to view: How watchdog protection works
4. Power supply anti-reverse connection
Anti-reverse power supply, this is basic physical knowledge. Reverse the positive and negative poles of the power supply to cause damage to the circuit. In order to prevent operation errors, it is generally protected against reverse connection of the power supply.
Power supply anti-reverse connection protection method
● Diode anti-reverse connection: Diode is used for protection, the circuit is simple, the cost is low, and the space is small. However, when the PN junction of the diode is turned on, there is a voltage drop of <= 0.7V, which will cause unnecessary losses to the circuit. (In the circuit, power consumption and heat generation are all issues that cannot be ignored).
● Fuse protection: Fuse protection is also common in daily life, such as fuses for electric lights. When the power supply is reversed and there is a short circuit in the circuit, due to the large current, the fuse will be blown to protect the circuit, but this method is more troublesome to repair and replace.
● MOS tube protection: Due to factors such as process improvement and its own nature, many of the MOS tube’s on-resistance are at the milliohm level, or even smaller, so the loss caused by the voltage drop and power consumption of the circuit is very small, and even It can be ignored, so it is recommended to choose a MOS tube to protect the circuit.
● NMOS protection: When connected, the circuit provides VGS voltage, and the MOS is saturated and turned on. When reversely connected, the MOS cannot be turned on, so it plays a role in preventing reverse connection.
5. Sheet metal shell
The material of sheet metal has the characteristics of light weight, high strength, electrical conductivity and electromagnetic shielding. Therefore, it is often used in electronic devices, industrial power and other industries.
What are the protective features of the sheet metal shell:
● Excellent resistance to both high and low temperatures
● Virtually impermeable to many common industrial chemicals such as alcohol and solvents
● Provides excellent protection from splashes and direct water ingress to the hose when used in conjunction with high performance rubber gaskets
● High resistance to impact from tools and machinery
● Durable
6. Guide rail installation
To be precise, rail installation is not considered protection, the main advantage is convenience.
● Easy to install and easy to replace. The straightness of the slide rail is high, and the installation screw hole error is small;
● Greatly reduce drive power consumption and reduce friction;
● High working accuracy, reduce shock and vibration, and achieve smooth movement;
Due to the sealing cover is installed at both ends of the slider, and the bottom is selected with a sealing film, the dustproof and sealing ability is strong;
● The slider of the linear guide is equipped with an oil injection hole, which can be directly lubricated with oil, and the lubrication structure is simple.