One of the most critical components of a computer is its Operating System. Almost every task you do on your computer is possible due to the Operating System.
The reason is the language that a machine can process. A computer's processor can only take commands in a Machine language like binary. But it is next to impossible for a human to keep writing inputs in binary to make the computer perform various tasks.
The operating system acts as an intermediary between the computer hardware and the user, allowing users to interact with the computer system and utilize its resources efficiently.
So, now that you know the how important an Operating System is, let's understand what an operating system is and its application in detail. Also, you will get to know about the types of operating systems.
What is an Operating System?
An operating system is a software responsible for all the small and big tasks you do with your computer.
However, it is not the primary hardware or software that performs the task, but it does a task that is even more important.
It acts as a translative layer between the hardware and software of the computer. For example, if a software program such as an application wants to open a photo saved in a folder.
Then, it will make a command for opening a photo in the high-level language. But as you know, the hardware or, to be more accurate, the processor in a computer only understands the binary language.
So, the OS will help translate the command, and only the action will be implemented.
Similarly, an operating system also helps in the interaction of the other hardware, like, the keyboard, mouse, etc., with the computer's processor.
Some common operating systems examples are Android OS, Windows, MacOS, Linux, etc. These Operating Systems are some of the most commonly used operating systems in today's computers.
What are the Functions of Operating Systems?
Apart from being a translative layer, there are multiple other Operating Systems applications. So, let's explore some of the primary functions of OS.
- Memory Management
Memory management is one of the primary functions of an OS. It helps to maintain the flow of work on a computer. Moreover, memory management in OS is of two types based on the types of memories.
First is the primary memory management, which deals with allocating and deallocating the primary memory to the tasks. Moreover, the second is secondary memory, which mainly deals with providing files, directories, and media access to the other software.
- Processor Management
The processor is the computer's brain required to perform any task. So, when multiple tasks happen simultaneously, it becomes important to process both tasks efficiently.
Otherwise, the multi-task environment will not make any sense. The operating system in the computer ensures that each task is getting processed at the same time.
It is one of the crucial functions of OS as it helps in the processing of tasks. Moreover, it also allocates the processor to the tasks so that multitasking can be done.
What are the Types of Operating Systems?
- Batch Operating System
A batch Operating System is one of the primary operating systems used in computing. In a Batch Operating System, the tasks or jobs are submitted by the user and then sorted in queues according to their types.
After that, the jobs are processed one by one. This Operating Systems help in the automation of similar tasks.
However, a batch operating system requires an operator who has good knowledge of batch Operating Systems.
Moreover, sometimes if a job fails to complete, the other jobs in the queue get paused without knowing the resuming time.
- Multiprogramming Operating System
A multiprogramming operating system can be explained as an OS that can keep multiple tasks at once in the computer's main memory. However, it can only execute one task at a time.
- Multi-processing Operating System
A multi-processing operating system can use more than one CPU at a time. It can process multiple tasks at a time faster than usual multi-tasking OSes.
It does so by using the processing power of multiple CPUs and dividing multiple tasks into these CPUs. However, the hardware management of computers with Multi-processing OS is more complex.
- Multi-tasking Operating System
In a Multitasking operating system, you can perform multiple tasks simultaneously. However, unlike multi-processing operating systems, it only uses the processing power of a single CPU. These Operating Systems are the common OS used in PCs, Laptops, Smartphones etc.
- Real-Time Operating System
Real-time operating systems (RTOS) are designed to provide deterministic and predictable behavior in response to external events.
They are used in applications where tasks must be executed within strict time constraints. RTOS is commonly used in the aerospace, defense, robotics, and industrial automation industries.
- Network Operating System
Network operating systems are designed to manage and coordinate network resources. They facilitate file sharing, printer sharing, and other network-related functionalities.
Examples include Windows Server, Linux distributions configured as network servers and Novell NetWare.
- Distributed Operating System
Distributed operating systems are designed to run on multiple machines and coordinate activities to achieve a common goal.
They enable resource sharing, communication, and collaboration among multiple interconnected computers.
Examples include distributed versions of Linux, such as the GNU Hurd, and distributed systems like Google's Kubernetes.
- Embedded Operating System
Embedded operating systems are used in specialized computer systems known as embedded systems.
They are designed to perform specific functions and are typically optimized for low-power consumption and real-time operations; embedded operating systems power devices such as digital cameras, smartwatches, and automotive and industrial control systems.
Wrapping Up
In conclusion, an operating system is a crucial software component that acts as a bridge between hardware and software. It enables task execution and facilitates user interaction with the computer. It has various applications in a computer system.
It includes memory management, processor management, network coordination, and resource sharing. Understanding the functions of operating systems is vital for selecting the most suitable one for particular requirements.
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