To implement OTA technology, the following components are required: ① back-end system for sending requests; ② OTA gateway for processing requests to SIM cards in an understandable format; ③ SMSC for sending requests over wireless networks; ④ bearer for transporting requests ⑤ The mobile device receives the request and transmits it to the SIM card; ⑥ The SIM card used to receive and execute the request.
(1) Backend systems can be anything from customer service operators to billing systems, content providers, or subscriber web interfaces. The provisioning system must be connected to a mobile network (via LAN or via the Internet). NB DTU A service request contains the requested service (activate, deactivate, load, modify...), the target subscriber and the data for executing the service. Then, the backend system sends a service request to the OTA gateway.
(2) The OTA gateway receives a service request through the gateway API to indicate the actual card to be modified/updated/activated. The second step is to format the service request into a message that the recipient's SIM card can understand. The third step consists of sending a formatted message to the SMSC using the correct set of parameters as described in GSM 03.48. The OTA Gateway then sends out as many SMS messages as needed to fulfill the service request.
(3) The service center is used to exchange short messages (SMS) between the management system (OTA gateway) of these messages and the cellular network. Messages of up to 160 alphanumeric characters can be sent to or from a mobile phone. If the mobile phone has been powered off or has left the coverage area, the message will be stored and provided to the user Remote IO module when the mobile phone is powered on or re-enters the network coverage area.
(4) The communication between the SIM card (or eSIM card) and the OTA gateway can be done through SMS exchange, in this case, named SMS channel.
(5) The mobile phone has all the functions required to handle some or all of the standardized GSM services. The phone must comply with the OTA service's SIM toolkit.
(6) The smart card provides secure user authentication and is mainly used as a subscriber identification module (SIM card) in the GSM standard.
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